Double pipes, or two pipes played at the same time, are found in sculptures, paintings, stained glass, religious manuscripts and archaeology dating back into pre-history, right up to the present day. Sometimes the two pipes are exactly the same; other images show two slightly different shapes, often one playing the tune and the other a drone pipe. These images are drawn from reality as well as fantasy.
It is impossible to see the mouth-piece on some of these images: some may be duct flutes, others may have single or double reeds or be trumpets. If you have information on the mouth-piece of any of these instruments I would be grateful to know.
I have not included images where it is definately not a variety of duct-flute without keys. Around 1810 an English instrument maker, William Bainbridge, patented a keyed double flageolet which consisted of two English flageolets joined together so that the player could harmonise the tunes that s/he played. Flageolets are therefore not included here.
Duct flute in light wood, with a brass ring at the lower end, pierced with 2 channels. Sound generation by 2 bevels,
placed at unequal heights. 6 double play holes (5 + thumb), plus 2 holes in the bottom. Gives a scale of B minor, at A=440 Hz.
unknown origin |
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tarot card |
21st century |
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early 20th century |
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In all parts of Croatia, double pipes almost regularly had four to five selection holes on the right side, and three to four on the left, while similar ones played in some parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in Serbia they had a reverse arrangement of holes, so on the left side more, and on the right less. Also, none of the doubles from Croatia had holes on the underside, ie facing the player.
[source] |
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19th c
former Yugoslavia |
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20th c djojnica
Bosnia |
Bosnia |
1960-1970 Balkans |
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1895 dvojnice Bosnia [Horniman Museum] |
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1937 Croatia Dvojnice |
carved Dvojnice |
žveglicas,
children's toys Croatia |
Croatia |
Dvojnice was played in various variants in all
parts of Croatia, and various names were used
for this instrument: dvojnice, žveglice, diple,
dvogrele, dvojkinje, vidalice, etc.
For more Croatian instruments see the website
of the
Ethnographic Museum of Istria here
and also here. |
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1960's |
audio and other examples
from the region |
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1910, Royal Dux, Bohemia |
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1900-1910 Royal Dux, Bohemia |
Royal Dux shepherd and shepherdess |
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Transylvania and Transdanubia |
There are 6 sound-producing openings on one side and none on the other.Hungary |
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2021
Veronika Vitazkova
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dvojačka, also called dvojačky
A combination of a 6-hole shepherd’s
flute with an overtone flute. A player
blows simultaneously to both pipes,
one of them having a function of a
melodic pipe, the other playing a
constant drone |
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19th century carved from one piece of wood |
children |
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Leuven University library, Belgium |
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20th century fantasy art |
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The Stenlundapipa is a refinement of the double flute in which the tone of the drone pipe can be varied. The flute comprises two pipes in one unit, both of which are tuned in a major key. One of the pipes is equipped with small corks that can be used to close the desired number of finger holes. It is made in three different sizes: C, A, and G. |
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player |
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Auvergne |
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1180 Northern France, double horn |
12th century carvingx on 'The Musicians Pillar' church of Bourbon-l'Archambault |
12th century
stone carving on capital |
1185 France |
12th century Picardy |
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France |
France |
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1930's Georges Maxim figurines |
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1st century Roman |
150-200AD Roman
statuette |
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150 CE on side of
marble funerary urn |
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Sardinia |
Sardinia |
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1306 fresco, Padua |
1312 painting Martini |
1338 religious painting |
14th century Naples |
1340 painting Siena |
1340 miniature Genoa, Italy, |
1340 painting, Florence, Italy |
1370 fresco, Siena
[possibly reeded instruments] |
1374 Genoa, Italy |
1380 altarpiece Siena |
angel painting |
1395 by Aretino |
14th century Florence |
1410 |
1415 fresco fragment, Turin, Italy |
1424 Florence |
early 15th century Siena, Italy |
1430 manuscript, Milan |
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1447-50 Donatello |
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1449-1456 Bas-relief angel painted limestone |
1465 tarot card |
1468 Spechi Abbey, Rome |
1474 altarpiece, Asciano |
1470's Mantua, Italy [possibly double reed
with circular breathing] |
1490 |
1491 Tuscany |
1495Abatellis Palace
Palermo, Sicily |
15th century: the upper
triangle
of the
episcopal
throne in Orvieto Cathedral, Umbria;
includes an angel
on a double flute |
15th century Abatellis Palace
Palermo, Sicily |
1485-95 Florence, print |
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15th century Atri Cathedral, Abruzzo |
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1511 |
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1526 painting, Ferrara |
16th century
drawing
© The Fitzwilliam Museum |
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1722 Milan, Italy Anciuti workshop |
flute d'accord with key [Venice] |
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unknown, possibly southern Italy |
unknown, possibly southern Italy |
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Benevento Italy |
11th/12th century
San Pedro de Ansemil, Spain |
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